A pathy is an abnormal emotional state that is characterized by indifference to things which others find interesting, moving or exciting, and diminished motivation to perform regular daily activities.
The neural mechanisms of apathy are postulated to involve the brainstem and forebrain circuits that regulate goal-directed behavior.1
What Is Apathy In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
D epression is a mood disorder characterized by absence of cheerfulness, dejection, and loss of interest or pleasure in living, making the person dysfunctional and unable to cope with or perform tasks of daily living.
More than a feeling, this negative psychological status can range from mild to profound and can involve other parts of the body, causing physical problems such as poor digestion, constipation, weight gain or weight loss, mentrual irregularities in females, and impotence in males.
Q: How is depression identified?
A: According to the American Psychiatric Association, depression is a psychic condition that lasts for more than a month and involves four or more of these symptoms:
Abnormal appetite.
Diminished ability to concentrate or think properly.
Feelings of worthlessness.
Low energy or fatigue.
Physical inactivity or hyperactivity.
Sleep disturbances.
Thoughts of death.
Grief or sadness at the loss of a loved one or a similar event or remorse for sin is normal. However, depression that is prolonged usually involves imbalances of nerve chemicals called neurotransmitters. Imbalances can result from health disorders such as hormonal imbalances, low blood sugar, stress, drug side effects, or nutrient deficiencies.
What Is Depression In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
I nsomnia is a distressing sleep disorder that includes inability to fall asleep, inability to stay asleep, and inability to get deep sleep depending on the type of insomnia.
Q: What are the types of insomnia?
A: There are two types of insomnia: primary or secondary which have different causes.
1. Primary insomnia is characterized by sleeplessness due to reduction of synthesis of neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) in the central nervous system (brain) required for sleep, especially melatonin. Melatonin is produced during the night hours by the pineal gland from tryptophan, an essential amino acid derived from food.
Neurotransmitters are released when the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron (nerve cell) is stimulated and acts by stimulating or inhibiting a target nerve cell.
2. Secondary insomnia has many causes. It can be a feature of malnutrition, lack of exercise, heartburn, mental disorders such as dementia and psychosis, emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety, guilt, worry, many conditions that involve itchiness, pain, disability, and a side effect of certain medications.
What Is Insomnia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
PET scan showing schizophrenia. Courtesy Wikimedia.
What Is Schizophrenia?
S chizophrenia is a thought disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms and inappropriate and bizarre behavior.
Schizophrenia involves dysfunction in any of these areas:
Cognition which are thinking skills that include intellect, language, mathematical ability, memory, perception, reasoning, judgment, learning, and imagination.
Interpersonal relationships.
Ability to work or attend education.
Ability to take care of physical and financial needs.
Q: What are psychotic symptoms?
A: In psychosis the symptoms vary but include loss of contact with reality shown by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and disorientation. Some may be depressed or manic. Some may be withdrawn and mute while others may become violent if frustrated or thwarted.
In hallucinations, affected persons see what is not real such as a burgler in the process of robbing them but which is not really happening or hear voices that are not real.
In delusions, affected persons may express strange ideas, claim to read minds or that they are a famous person living or dead.
Early-onset schizophrenia with onset before age 18 is defined by the same diagnostic criteria as in adults because it is continuous with adult schizophrenia. The onset before age 12 years comprises less than 1% of adult cases, and onset from age 12–18 years constitutes about 12–33% of all adult cases of schizophrenia.1
What Is Schizophrenia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
Sources:
Pagsberg AK, Tarp S, Glintborg D, Stenstrøm AD, Fink-Jensen A, Correll CU, Christensen R. Antipsychotic treatment for children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: protocol for a network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ Open. 2014 Oct 10;4(10):e005708. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005708. [↩]
What Is Peripheral Neuropathy? P eripheral neuropathy is a syndrome involving damage to one or more peripheral nerves characterized by impaired nerve transmission. Peripheral nerves are nerves of the body outside the brain and spinal cord.…
B ronchiectasis is a pulmonary disorder characterized by chronic dilation of bronchi (main airways) and bronchioles (small airways) with chronic inflammation and swelling, increasing the risk of infection.
In bronchiectasis, mucus produced to trap foreign substances, such as dust and bacteria, builds-up because the ability of airways to move it out is impaired. Normally, hair-like cilia that line airways beat mucus out of the lungs. Loss of this action increases mucus in the airways which increases risk of pneumonia.
The anatomy of airways is likened to a branching tree. The trachea, or windpipe, like the trunk of a tree, branches into two primary bronchi that connect it to the lungs. One bronchus connects to the left lung and the other to the right lung. Each bronchus further divides into smaller bronchi that connect to the lobes. Lobes are large subdivisions of lung tissue: two of the left lung and three of the right lung.
Lobe bronchi divide into smaller bronchial tubes ending in small bronchioles. The ends of bronchioles are surrounded with and attached to tiny alveoli which are air sacs that look like clusters of grapes.
Q: What effect does inflammation have on the lungs?
A: Alveoli are only one cell thick, where oxygen is obtained by the bloodsteam from air breathed into them and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream to air that is breathed out of air sacs through the pulmonary tree. Two things happen:
Inflammation impairs exchange of gases in alveoli, resulting in lack of sufficient oxygen (O2) for body cell functions, called hypoxia, and build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) in blood, called CO2 retention.
Inflammation narrows passageways, which reduces the movement of air to and from the alveoli, and this puts stress on the right side of the heart.
Bronchiectasis can affect one or both lungs or one segment or multiple segments of a lung. Treatment is with antibiotics, chest physiotherapy and good nutrition.
What Is Bronchiectasis In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
L ymphocytic bronchoalveolitis is a pulmonary disorder characterized by lymphocytic airway inflammation of the bronchi (main passageways branching from the windpipe), bronchioles (small passageways), and alveoli (air sacs) at the end.
The chronic, productive cough that develops and worsens with progression is due to increased mucus secretion in the large and small airways.
If infection develops in the bronchioles, it is call bronchopneumonia. If infection develops in the alveoli, it is called interstitial pneumonia. The most common organism causing infection is staphylcoccus aureus.
Q: What effect does inflammation have on the lungs?
A: Alveoli are air sacs, each only one cell thick, where oxygen is obtained by the bloodsteam from air breathed into them and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream to air that is breathed out of air sacs. Two things happen:
Inflammation impairs exchange of gases in alveoli, resulting in lack of sufficient oxygen (O2) for body cell functions, called hypoxia, and build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) in blood, called CO2 retention.
Inflammation narrows passageways, which reduces the movement of air to and from the alveoli, and this puts stress on the right side of the heart.
Lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell, can be collected and assessed by a procedure called bronchoalveolar lavage to determine the degree of involvement.
What Is Lymphocytic Bronchoalveolitis In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
A bscess formation and subsequent lung cavities that develop from necrosis (death) of affected lung tissue constitute severe life-threatening respiratory disease of the lung.
Q: What is the difference between lung abscess and lung cavity?
A: Lung abscess is characterized by localized pus formation in the lung that develops from uncontrolled infection from encapsulated bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae and klebsiella. The capsules that surround bacteria protect them from phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, white blood cells that are specialized for this normal defensive action. Phagocytosis is a seek and destroy mission.
Lung cavities are holes that form from dead tissue during the destructive abscess development, which involves significant inflammation and edema of the area. Lung cavities often cause death of the patient. The outlook is very poor.
What Is Abscess Formation Causing Lung Cavities In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
What Is Apathy?
What Is Irritability?
