Skip to content

Obstetrical Complications

eczemaWhat Is Eczema?

E czema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic recurring inflammatory skin disorder characterized by itching, eczematous plaques and a defective epidermal barrier (surface layer of skin cells) that fails to hold moisture, with affected areas becoming dry then inflamed.

Q: Why does eczema develop?

A: Patients with atopic dermatitis have genetically determined risk factors that affect the barrier function of the skin and immune responses that interact with environmental factors.1

Atopic eczema is associated both with an abnormal skin matrix and impaired systemic immune response. Therefore, isolated topical treatment may have suboptimal effect.2 

Atopic eczema is a common presentation of  immune response towards food proteins in infancy.3

Global evidences reflect a marked increase in prevalence, which has tripled since 1960. In the United States, the current prevalence rates range from 10% to 20% in children and 1 to 3% in adults.4

What Is Eczema In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Sources:
  1. Mesquita Kde C, Igreja AC, Costa IM. Atopic dermatitis and vitamin D: facts and controversies. An Bras Dermatol. 2013 Nov-Dec;88(6):945-53. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132660. [↩]
  2. Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Vottero A, Bernasconi S. Progress in Pediatrics in 2012: choices in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious diseases, neurology, nutrition and respiratory tract illnesses. Ital J Pediatr. 2013 May 8;39(1):26. [↩]
  3. Ho MH, Wong WH, Chang C. Clinical Spectrum of Food Allergies: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012 Nov 16. [↩]
  4. Mesquita Kde C, Igreja AC, Costa IM. Atopic dermatitis and vitamin D: facts and controversies. An Bras Dermatol. 2013 Nov-Dec;88(6):945-53. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132660. [↩]

Intrauterine Growth Retardation (Failure to Grow Normally Before Birth)

Acquired Icthyosis.
Acquired Icthyosis.

What Is Acquired Ichthyosis?

A cquired ichthyosis is an uncommon, nonhereditary cutaneous disorder characterized by dry, rough skin with prominent symmetrical scaling that involves significant portions of the body.

Most microscopic studies of acquired ichthyosis exhibit hyperkeratosis (thickened skin) with a reduced or absent granular layer.1

Q: What is the granular layer of skin?

A: The granular layer is the third cell layer  (of five)  composing the epidermis, or outer surface of skin.

Acquired icthyosis has been associated with internal disease including malignancies, autoimmune/inflammatory, metabolic, endocrine, and infectious diseases, and medication use.

What Is Acquired Ichthyosis In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Sources:
  1. Patel N, Spencer LA, English JC 3rd, Zirwas MJ. Acquired ichthyosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Oct;55(4):647-56. [↩]

Candida Albicans Infection

Close-up shows inflammation and yellowish white patches of roof and back of the mouth caused by candidiasis. Uvula is greatly swollen, hanging near the level of the tongue. Courtesy: Wikipedia.
Close-up shows inflammation and infected patches on roof and back of the mouth caused by candidiasis. Uvula is swollen, hanging near the tongue. Courtesy: Wikimedia.

What Is Candida Albicans Infection?

Candida albicans infection, called candidosis or candidiasis, is an opportunistic invasion of mucous membrane or skin by candida albicans, an endogenous yeast found in 40 to 80% of normal human beings. A former name for this small, budding fungus is monilia albicans.

Opportunistic means that yeast living on mucosal and skin surfaces does not invade (infect) unless these tissues become unhealthy and therefore cannot protect themselves.

Q: How does candida albicans cause infection?

A: Candida albicans lives on the mucosal surfaces and skin in most people without causing infection (colonizes) because of our normal defenses against invasion. In fact, candida albicans is a very effective colonizer of humans. For example, Russell and Lay found that 47% of 1-month-old infants were orally colonized with candida albicans, and 49% were colonized with other fungi.

During growth within the intestinal tract, the organism senses pH (acidity), oxygen, carbon sources, and the presence of surfaces allowing it to optimize gene expression for a particular environment. With these mechanisms for sensing, candida albicans is able to efficiently colonize humans in infancy.1

Candida Infection Of The Esophagus on X-ray. Courtesy Radiology Assistant.nl
Candida Infection Of The Esophagus (White Area) On X-ray. Courtesy Radiology Assistant.nl

Lowered host defenses allow yeast already present on mucosal and skin surfaces to take advantage and can grow rapidly, becoming pathogenic (disease producing) so that infection results.

Infection is characterized by superficial, irregular white patches on mucosal surfaces and possible invasion of the bloodstream by a filamentous form (thread-like structures) that can rapidly develop.

Candida albicans is unique among oral pathogens in its ability to invade cornified layers of stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue, mouth surfaces, hard and soft palate, esophagus, and gut. Stratified squamous epithelium is the tough surface cells that ordinarily protect underlying tissues from damage or invasion by microbes.

Candida albicans is also capable of invading the lungs and causing pneumonia and septicemia, which is the spread of infection into the bloodstream.

Here is a time honored simple do-it-youself test for infection of the mouth or throat: First thing in the morning before brushing your teeth or eating, fill a small see through glass with water then gently spit onto the surface. If after an hour the spit remains on the water surface, it is unlikely you have candida in the mouth. If it grows legs downward, it indicates that yeast is growing. If the spit sinks to the bottom, you have this problem. Yeast in the mouth can quickly travel down the esophagus and into the gut.

Medical diagnosis. Difinitive diagnosis for the oral cavity is made by your clinician by swabbing the areas of your mouth and/or throat and viewing under a microscope for evidence of candida.

Infections of the esophagus and gut require inspection by gastroscopy or endoscopy procedure and the taking of samples to be examined under microscope. This examination also give the opportunity to rule out other problems. Barium swallow can show the extent of infection and any disfiguration of the esophagus that results.

What Is Candida Albicans Infection In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Sources:
  1. Rosenbach A, Dignard D, Pierce JV, Whiteway M, Kumamoto CA. Adaptations of Candida albicans for growth in the mammalian intestinal tract. Eukaryot Cell. 2010 Jul;9(7):1075-86. doi: 10.1128/EC.00034-10. Epub 2010 Apr 30. [↩]

Dementia

DementiaWhat Is Dementia?

Dementia is the term used to describe a group of symptoms that show significant deterioration of an individual’s intellectual and social abilities.

The deterioration in intellectual function is progressive and is characterized by memory and cognitive impairment involving deficits in reasoning, judgment, abstract thought, comprehension, learning, use of language, and task execution.

Some types of dementia can be reversed,  while most types of dementia are degenerative or nonreversible.

Q: What causes dementia?

A: There are  many differing causes of dementia.  Here are some causes according to nonreversible and reversible:

  • Nonreversible dementia may not be turned back due to these conditions:
  • Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of degenerative dementia caused by abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain. 
  • Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in elderly adults.
  • Vascular dementia due to many small strokes.
  • Medical conditions: Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, infections that can affect the brain, such as HIV/AIDS and Lyme disease, Parkinson’s disease, Pick’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy.
  • Reversible dementia may be stopped or reversed if these conditions are found soon enough:
  • Brain injury.
  • Brain tumors.
  • Chronic alcohol abuse.
  • Changes in blood sugar, sodium, and calcium levels.
  • Changes that can occur with celiac disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, and other metabolic disorders.
  • Nutritional deficiencies.
  • Use of certain medications, including cimetadine and some cholesterol-lowering medications.1

What Is Dementia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Sources:
  1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001748/ [↩]

German Researchers Create More Reliable Method for Measuring Gluten In Food

gluten-free-diet1The options for gluten-free foods are growing for for people with celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy. German scientists, reporting in the American Chemical Society’s Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, have developed a more reliable way for manufacturers to detect gluten in purified wheat starch, a common ingredient in foods labeled gluten-free.1

Sources:
  1. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-10/acs-tid101216.php [↩]

Toxin: definition

technical term: a poisonous substance of plant or animal origin1 such as poisons produced by microcsopic bacteria, molds, and viruses and venoms from animal bites and stings. non-technical term: environmental pollutants such as synthetic additives to food,… 

Chipotle Mexican Grill Gluten-Free Menu

480px-chipotle_mexican_grill_logo-svg1Chipotle Mexican Grill is a fast food chain with over 2,000 locations in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France. The company specializes in tacos and burritos and has released a mission statement called Food with Integrity, which highlights its efforts in using naturally-grown ingredients, and serves more naturally raised meat than any other restaurant chain.

The only gluten-containing food on Chipotle’s menu is their flour tortilla, but according to Chipotle’s website, “If you avoid gluten, don’t eat our flour tortillas. If you are highly sensitive to gluten and would like us to change our gloves, just let us know at the start of your order. You should be aware items containing corn, including corn tortillas (chips, soft corn, and crispy corn tortillas) and corn salsa, may have a small amount of gluten from potentially co-mingling with gluten-containing grains in the field.”

Glutathione: definition

This small protein that is made up of the 3 amino acids glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine is our master anti-oxidant! Glutathione protects and repairs cell membranes and DNA from damage, removes carcinogens, and restores… 

Low Stomach Acid Production

low-stomach-acid1What Is Low Stomach Acid Production?

Low stomach acid production is a common disorder in celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis that is characterized by lack of sufficient hydrochloric acid needed 1) to properly digest food, which results in malnutrition and subsequent nutritional deficiencies, and 2) to destroy swallowed bacteria and other microbes, which may allow infections to develop.

It is also common in the general population, as well, affecting 50% of people age 60 years and about 80% by age 85 years.  Nevertheless, low stomach acid is not generally looked for as a cause of acute and chronic disorders that rob health with far-reaching effects.

Understanding Stomach Acid Production and Function

The stomach digests incoming food into a liquid state, thereby releasing nutrients so they can be absorbed by the small intestine. Powerful stomach muscles churn food and mix it with gastric juice, dissolving and breaking it down.

Gastric juice is produced by gastric glands located in the stomach lining. These numerous, microscopic glands produce about 3 liters of juice a day. Gastric juice is composed of a high concentration of

Muscle Spasm And Muscle Cramps 

Photo by gastroscopy showing ulcer in the antrum area of the stomach.
Photo by gastroscopy showing ulcer in the antrum area of the stomach (lower area).

What Is A Gastric Ulcer?

G astric ulcer is a painful stomach disorder characterized by an open sore involving the mucosa lining and deeper muscle layer of the stomach.

Gastric ulcer is associated with lymphocytic gastritis which is inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach. The thick mucosal lining normally protects the stomach from the erosive action of stomach acid.

Q: How do ulcers develop?

A: Ulcers develop if  hydrochloric acid secreted by the gastric glands of the stomach for the purpose of digesting food damages the normally resistant mucosal walls of the stomach. In the reverse, ulcers may be accompanied by achlorhydria (insufficient acid production).

Damage occurs when there is a predisposing factor that alters the health of the mucosal lining. The most common cause is infection with a bacteria called h. pylori bacter, stress and chronic use of the pain relievers aspirin and non-steroidal drugs like ibuprofen.

Smoking tocacco and consuming alcohol aggravate an ulcer but do not cause it to develop.

The most common location for ulcer formation is along the stomach antrum which is the area of the stomach before the pylorus, the lower region that empties liquid stomach contents into the small intestine.

What Is A Gastric Ulcer In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?