Enlarged heart showing dilated cardiomyopathy at autopsy.
What Is Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
[dropcap]I[/dropcap]diopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a disorder of myocardial (heart muscle) function characterized by dilation or enlargement of the cardiac chambers and reduction in the ability of the ventricles (lower chambers) to contract with the required force needed to pump blood out of the heart to the body.
Idiopathic means the cause is not known.
Q: What is the prognosis for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy?
A: This disorder often results in symptomatic heart failure due to the inability of the heart to pump blood as required to supply the body with oxygen and meet metabolic needs.
What Is Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
[dropcap]F[/dropcap]olic acid deficiency anemia, also called folate deficiency anemia, is a macrocytic anemia characterized by defective DNA synthesis of red blood cells that results from a lack of folate in the body.
Q: How does folate deficiency cause anemia?
A: Folates are a family of B vitamins and folic acid is an active form.
Folate is required for the formation of both red and white blood cells in the bone marrow and for their maturation.
Also, folate serves as a carrier in the formation of heme, which contains iron, and is the non-protein part of the hemoglobin molecule.1
Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. When there are not enough red blood cells or when they cannot properly carry oxygen, the condition is called anemia. In folic acid deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are abnormally large. Such cells are called macrocytes (macro size cells). They are also called megaloblasts (mega size cells) as seen in the bone marrow where they are produced. This is why this macrocytic anemia is also called megaloblastic anemia.2
Tests that may be done to determine folate adequacy are complete blood count (CBC), red blood cell folate level, methylmalonic acid level, and homocysteine level. Folic acid deficiency anemia shows a decrease in red blood cell folate and/or serum folate levels and normal plasma methylmalonic acid level with elevated homocysteine blood level. These levels distinguish folic acid deficiency anemia from vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.3
What Is Folate Deficiency Anemia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
[dropcap]M[/dropcap]acrocytosis is a blood cell disorder characterized by altered blood cell formation that results in abnormally large erythrocytes (red blood cells) circulating in the bloodstream.
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), which is a measure of the size of red blood cells in the bloodstream, is greater than 100 fL as shown in a complete blood count (CBC) laboratory analysis report.
Macrocytosis produces macrocytic anemias that are classified as megaloblastic or non-megaloblastic:
Megaloblastic anemias result from disorders of DNA synthesis of red blood cell precursors (megaloblasts) in bone marrow due to B vitamin deficiency demonstrated by macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils.1
Non-megaloblastic anemias are or those caused primarily by alcoholism, liver disease and hypothyroidism.2
What Is Macrocytosis In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?
Sources:
Kaferle J, Strzoda CE.Evaluation of macrocytosis. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Feb 1;79(3):203-8. [↩]
Davenport J. Macrocytic anemia. Am Fam Physician. 1996 Jan;53(1):155-62. [↩]
A cardiac disorder of myocardial (heart muscle) function characterized by dilation of the cardiac chambers and reduction in the ability of the ventricles (lower chambers) to contract often resulting in symptomatic heart failure.
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