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Anxiety, Chronic

AnxietyWhat Is Anxiety?

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]nxiety or worry is a distressing emotional state of mind or mood that is characterized by a vague uneasiness, unpleasant feelings of apprehension or anticipation of danger and by interference with normal functioning, ranging from mild qualms and easy startling to occasional panic.

Q: What causes anxiety?

A: Anxiety can be a normal response to stress such as making an important decision, illness, divorce, problems at work or preparing for an exam.

In a dangerous situation, profound physiological changes rapidly prepare us for a “fight or flight” response by release of adrenalin hormone. Adrenalin speeds up metabolism to make available quick energy, tightens muscles in readiness, and speeds up the heartbeat and breathing so that more oxygen is made available to the brain and muscles.

Anxiety becomes a maladaptive disorder when it is excessive, unrealistic, or not provoked and impairs the ability to lead a normal life.

Anxiety that is part of a person’s personality is called “trait anxiety.” Anxiety that comes and goes is “state anxiety,” as in state of mind, and is usually due to unresolved stress or an underlying health problem.

What Is Chronic Anxiety in Celiac Disease?

Insomnia

insomnia gluten celiac disease symptomWhat Is Insomnia?

[dropcap]I[/dropcap]nsomnia is a distressing sleep disorder that includes inability to fall asleep, inability to stay asleep, and inability to get deep sleep depending on the type of insomnia.

Q: What are the types of insomnia?

A: There are two types of insomnia: primary or secondary which have different causes.

1. Primary insomnia is characterized by sleeplessness due to reduction of synthesis of neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) in the central nervous system (brain) required for sleep, especially melatonin. Melatonin is produced during the night hours by the pineal gland from tryptophan, an essential amino acid derived from food.

Neurotransmitters are released when the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron (nerve cell) is stimulated and acts by stimulating or inhibiting a target nerve cell.

2. Secondary insomnia has many causes. It can be a feature of malnutrition, lack of exercise, heartburn, mental disorders such as dementia and psychosis, emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety, guilt, worry, many conditions that involve itchiness, pain, disability, and a side effect of certain medications.

What Is Insomnia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Hypokalemia (Low Potassium Blood Level)

hypokalemia gluten celiac disease symptomWhat Is Hypokalemia?

[dropcap]H[/dropcap]ypokalemia means the level of potassium in the bloodstream is too low to meet metabolic needs of the body for this mineral and is characterized by metabolic acidosis, altered nerve conduction and muscle contraction.

Rapid potassium loss can result in life-threatening hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis which is destruction of muscle tissue that results in kidney damage.1

Q: What are metabolic needs of the body for potassium?

A: The metabolic needs of the body for potassium are great because this mineral is crucial for life and especially for normal nerve and muscle function.

Most potassium is intracellular, meaning it is found within cells while sodium, its opposing mineral (both electrolytes), is found in the fluid surrounding cells. In muscle contraction, exchange of potassium and sodium takes place so that potassium moves out of muscle cells and sodium moves into them. With muscle relaxation, potassium moves back into the cells and sodium moves out.

What Is Hypokalemia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Sources:
  1. Williams SG, Davison AG, Glynn MJ. Hypokalaemic rhabdomyolsis: an unusual presentation of celiac disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Feb 1995;7(2):183-4. [↩]

Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis in Celiac Disease and Dermatitis Herpetiformis

sick woman on bed, symptom of cold, flu, insomnia, stress, headache, hangover, dizzinessWhat Is Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis?

[dropcap]H[/dropcap]ypokalemic rhabdomyolysis is an acute and sometimes fatal disease due to its rapid progression of muscle destruction when untreated.

It is characterized by the accumulation of by-products of skeletal muscle destruction in the renal (kidney) tubules and producing acute kidney failure caused by rapid potassium loss.

This condition puts you in bed because the legs muscles cannot support the body and arms are too weak to move.

What Is Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity and Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

Anorexia or Loss of Appetite

anorexia nervosa celiac disease gluten symptomWhat Is Anorexia?

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]norexia or loss of appetite is a reduced desire to eat which can cause unintentional weight loss.

Anorexia is a feature of many disorders caused by malutrition such as celiac disease and aging or gastrointestinal problems such as chronic gastroenteritis, and dysgeusia (loss of taste).

Q: Are there other conditions that cause anorexia?

A: Other underlying problem include medication side effects, infection, chronic pain, depression, grief, dehydration, hormonal dysfunction such as thyroid disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, or Addison’s disease, autoimmune mechanisms such as sarcoidosis,  and cancer growth.

What Is Anorexia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Diarrhea, Acute

Infant with Acute Diarrhea and Swollen Belly - Hallmarks of Celiac Disease.
Malnourished Infant With Acute Diarrhea and Swollen Belly.

What Is Acute Diarrhea?

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]cute diarrhea is a small intestinal motility disorder characterized by excessively rapid movement of intestinal contents through the small intestine with excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes that leads rapidly to a life threatening hypokalemia (low potassium blood level) and acidosis.

Q: What is hypokalemia?

A: Hypokalemia is characterized by dehydration that may result in vascular collapse, muscular malfunction that may result in paralytic ileus (bowels do not move), paralysis (cannot stand), and respiratory hypoventilation (shallow breathing) or failure, metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhea, and impaired nerve conduction.1

While diarrhea may be a common symptom of small bowel mucosal disease, the consequent malabsorption can lead to substantial malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies. The small intestine, unlike the colon, has been relatively inaccessible, and systematic evaluation is often necessary to identify and treat small intestinal mucosal diseases that lead to diarrhea. All patients with severe diarrhea or diarrhea associated with features suggestive of malabsorption may have a disease of the small intestinal mucosa that requires careful evaluation and targeted management.2

What Is Acute Diarrhea In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Sources:
  1. Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause’s Food, Nutrition & Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000. [↩]
  2. Murray JA1, Rubio-Tapia A. Diarrhoea due to small bowel diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct;26(5):581-600. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.013. [↩]