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Anemia, Refractory Iron Deficiency In Childhood (Unresponsive To Iron)

anemia-in-childrenWhat Is Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia In Childhood?

[dropcap]R[/dropcap]efractory iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a microcytic (small cell) type anemia.

It is characterized by formation of abnormally small, pale red blood cells and iron depletion, or inadequate iron content in the body, that does not respond to prescribed treatment with oral iron supplementation as expected.

Q: How is iron content in the body determined?

A: Iron content in the body is determined by measuring the ferritin level in blood. Ferritin is a protein within cells that stores iron and releases it as needed.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) mild anemia corresponds to a hemoglobin (Hb) of  9.5 g/dL, moderate anemia to a Hb of  8 g/dL but less than 9.5 g/dL, and severe anemia to a Hb of less than 8.0 g/dL.

What Is Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia In Childhood In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Lymphomas, Extraintestinal

Lymph System. National Cancer Institute.What Are Extraintestinal Lymphomas?

[dropcap]E[/dropcap]xtraintestinal lymphomas (non-Hodgkin’s) are malignancies that arise in peripheral lymphatic tissue outside the intestinal tract from B-cell and T-cell lymphocytes.

Q: What is peripheral lymphatic tissue?

A: Peripheral lymphatic tissue includes lymph vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes.

Lymph vessels branch into all the tissues of the body, carrying lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells, especially B-cell and T-cell lymphocytes.

Lymph vessels are connected to lymph nodes which are small, round masses of tissue that store white blood cells. They also trap and remove bacteria or other harmful substances that may be in the lymph. Groups of lymph nodes are found in the neck, underarms, chest, abdomen, and groin.

Ninety percent (90%) of extraintestinal lymphomas are B-cell type and ten percent (10%) are T-cell type. In this malignancy, lymph nodes are replaced by cancer cells. Some are more aggressive than others.

In 2010, there were an estimated 509,065 people living with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States according to the National Cancer Institute.

What Are Extraintestinal Lymphomas In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

Hypocupremia (Low Blood Copper Level)

hypocupremia low copper and celiac disease gluten symptom
Paleness and Tendon Problem: Symptoms of Hypocupremia.

What Is Hypocupremia?

[dropcap]H[/dropcap]ypocupremia, or low plasma copper, means the level of copper is too low to meet metabolic needs of the body for copper and is characterized by these many features:

  1. Impaired energy production causing weakness.
  2. Impaired ability as part of an enzyme to oxidize vitamin C which is required to breakdown histamine.
  3. Faulty blood cell formation and instability of blood cell membranes causing anemia, shortened life span of neutrophils causing susceptibility to infection, faulty platelet formation causing impaired blood clotting.
  4. Faulty elastin formation causing weak blood vessels.
  5. Poor collagen and connective tissue strength causing joint and tendon problems and weak bones causing deformities, faulty bone mineralization causing fragile bones.
  6. Loss of proprioception causing ataxia.
  7. Loss of pigmentation of hair and skin.
  8. Impaired thyroid function.
  9. Impaired adrenalin production.

Untreated, copper deficiency can advance to brain degeneration. Failure to make normal blood cells can result in death.

What Is Hypocupremia In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?