Term comprises a variety of alterations in the dental enamel of the second or permanent teeth such as pitting, discoloration and missing enamel.

What Is Linoleic Acid?

L inoleic acid is an essential omega-6 fatty acid that comes from plant sources. Essential means the body must have it to maintain health and life sustaining functions. Omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated.

Among its many vital roles in the body, linoleic acid composition of intestinal membranes is important for epithelial cell function and disturbances may contribute to the pathophysiology of celiac disease.¹

Q: What are epithelial cells?

A: Epithelial cells make up the surface mucosa of the digestive tract and also the respiratory tract, urinary tract and genital tract.

Linoleic acid is an important building material for the eicosanoids, a large group of highly bioactive hormone-like substances including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes that are involved in blood clotting, inflammation, and vasoconstriction.²

What Is Linoleic Acid Deficiency in Celiac Disease?

1. Steel DM, Ryd W, Ascher H, Strandvik B. Abnormal fatty acid pattern in intestinal mucosa of children with celiac disease is not reflected in serum phospholipids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Sep; 43(3):318-23. [↩]
2. Richardson AJ. The importance of omega-3 fatty acids for behavior, cognition, and mood. Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition. 2003; 47(2):92-8 [↩]

Lab study results showing blood abnormalities.

The increased desire for food.

A feature of multiple micronutrient deficiencies characterized by superficial alteration in the surface of the eyeball covering the pupil.

A bullous disease characterized by itchy, urticated papules and plaques as well as polycyclic lesions with blisters at the edge, located on the face and perineum.

A mood disorder characterized by absence of cheerfulness, dejection, and loss of interest or pleasure in living.

What Is Calcium?

C alcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, with 99% residing in teeth and bones where it constitutes 40% of skeletal bone weight along with 45% phosphorus.

As a component of hard tissues, calcium fulfills a structural role to maintain body size and acts as attachments for musculoskeletal tissues.

Q: What does the non-skeleton calcium do in the body?

A: The remaining 1% of calcium is present in blood and soft tissues. Calcium levels in the blood are maintained within very strict limits by dietary intake, hormonal regulation and a rapidly exchangeable pool in bone tissue. The many important functions are described below.

What Is Calcium Deficiency In Celiac Disease and/or Gluten Sensitivity?

An immune based disease of the adrenal glands characterized by failure to produce adrenocortical hormones.

A form of arthritis associated with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, such as celiac disease, characterized by peripheral joint disease.