An abnormal ring of tissue that may partially block the lower esophagus. Also called Schatzki

The place on a chromosome where a specific gene is located, a kind of address for the gene. The plural is “loci.”

Blood tests that may indicate abnormalities of the liver or biliary system. Also called liver enzyme tests.

The largest abdominal organ. The liver carries out many important functions, such as making important blood proteins and bile, changing food into energy, and cleaning alcohol and poisons from the blood.

A cleaning of the stomach and colon that uses a special drink and enemas. See bowel prep.

The spasm of the muscles of the larynx, resulting in airway constriction.

A feeling of fullness in the anus and rectum with occasional pain caused by muscle spasms.

A procedure that uses a laparoscope to look at and take tissue from the inside of the body.

An operation that opens up the abdomen.

The part of the intestine that includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5…