{"id":3311,"date":"2015-07-06T02:07:45","date_gmt":"2015-07-06T06:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/health.glutenfreeworks.com\/2013\/03\/28\/zinc-deficiency-3\/"},"modified":"2020-07-11T10:39:18","modified_gmt":"2020-07-11T14:39:18","slug":"zinc-deficiency-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/zinc-deficiency-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Zinc Deficiency"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_9031\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/oysters-2_2397891.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9031\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9031\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/oysters-2_2397891-300x223.jpg\" alt=\"Oysters Have Mega Zinc!\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/oysters-2_2397891-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/oysters-2_2397891.jpg 626w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9031\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oysters Have Mega Zinc!<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">What Is Zinc?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"dropcap\">Z<\/span>inc is an essential trace mineral that is involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism, being essential for activation of almost 200 enzymes that have vital roles in the body.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Q<\/strong>: What happens when enzymes do not get activated?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>A<\/strong>: When enzymes do not get activated, they cannot perform their necessary functions which, in turn, damages health.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Zinc promotes healthy skin, hair, immunity, fertility, and growth.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a steady state because the body has no specialized zinc storage system.<a href=\"#footnote_1_3311\" id=\"identifier_1_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"http:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Zinc-HealthProfessional\/\">1<\/a> Functions are more fully described below.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">What Is Zinc Deficiency in Celiac Disease?<\/h2>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_check red\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Relationship between zinc deficiency and celiac disease:<\/strong> Zinc deficiency is a classic symptom of celiac disease that results when the level within cells is too low to meet metabolic needs of the body for this mineral.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Relationship between zinc deficiency and inflammation.\u00a0<\/strong>Inflammation caused by gluten increases the demand for zinc. In the reverse, pro-inflammatory chemicals (cytokines) decrease in direct response to increasing zinc levels.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Relationship between zinc deficiency and features:\u00a0<\/strong>It is characterized by disturbances in energy metabolism, growth, hemoglobin, carbon dioxide transport, hormone activity, insulin storage, many enzyme activities, prostaglandin function, synthesis of collagen, immune response to infection, male fertility, protein synthesis, and vitamin A metabolism.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Relationship between zinc deficiency and vitamin A:\u00a0<\/strong>Disturbed zinc metabolism results in vitamin A deficiency.<a href=\"#footnote_2_3311\" id=\"identifier_2_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Scholmerich J, Wietholtz H, Buchsel R, Kottgen E, Lohle E, Gerok W. Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in gastrointestinal diseases. Leber, Magen, Darm. Nov 1984; 14(6):625-36.\">2<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Relationship between zinc deficiency and sexual hormones:\u00a0<\/strong>Zinc deficiency has been implicated in elevated prolactin hormone, characterized by altered estrogen production in women and androgen production in men.<a href=\"#footnote_3_3311\" id=\"identifier_3_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Sher KS, Jayanthi V, Probert CS, Stewart CR, Mayberry JF. Infertility, obstetric and gynecological problems in celiac disease. Digestive Diseases. May-June 1994; 12(3):186-90.\">3<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Relationship between zinc deficiency and children undergoing evaluation:\u00a0<\/strong>Serum zinc concentration is decreased in untreated celiac children with enteropathy (damage to small intestine) and normalizes on gluten-free diet. A low serum zinc value in a child being investigated for possible celiac disease on clinical grounds can thus be used as a complementary marker for enteropathy indicating further investigation with small bowel biopsy. The mean serum concentration of zinc was significantly lower in 11 children with untreated celiac disease compared to 16 non-celiac children without enteropathy, 14 celiac children on a gluten-free diet without enteropathy, 12 celiac children on gluten challenge with enteropathy, and 6 celiac children on gluten challenge without enteropathy.<a href=\"#footnote_4_3311\" id=\"identifier_4_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"H&ouml;gberg L1, Danielsson L, Jarleman S, Sundqvist T, Stenhammar L. Serum zinc in small children with coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):343-5. doi: 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01085.x.\">4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">How Prevalent Is Zinc Deficiency?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet black\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Zinc deficiency was found to be common in study patients with untreated celiac disease.<a href=\"#footnote_5_3311\" id=\"identifier_5_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Scholmerich J, Wietholtz H, Buchsel R, Kottgen E, Lohle E, Gerok W. Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in gastrointestinal diseases. Leber, Magen, Darm. Nov 1984; 14(6):625-36.\">5<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A Dutch study in 80 newly diagnosed adult patients with celiac disease found the prevalence for zinc was 67%.<a href=\"#footnote_6_3311\" id=\"identifier_6_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Wierdsma NJ, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Berkenpas M, Mulder CJ, van Bodegraven AA. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients.&nbsp;Nutrients. 2013 Sep 30;5(10):3975-92. doi: 10.3390\/nu5103975.\">6<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In a study of 109 children at diagnosis, zinc deficiency was found in 64.1%.<a href=\"#footnote_7_3311\" id=\"identifier_7_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kulo\u011flu Z, Kirsa&ccedil;lio\u011flu CT, Kansu A, Ensari A, Girgin N. Celiac Disease: Presentation of 109 Children.&nbsp;Yonsei Med J.&nbsp;2009 October 31; 50(5): 617&ndash;623.\">7<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Zinc concentrations in patients diagnosed with celiac disease were significantly lower than healthy subjects (75.97\u00b112 compared with 92.83\u00b118).<a href=\"#footnote_8_3311\" id=\"identifier_8_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Fathi F, Ektefa F, Tafazzoli M, Rostami K, Rostami Nejad M, Fathi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Oskouie AA, Zali MR. The concentration of serum zinc in celiac patients compared to healthy subjects in Tehran. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2013 Spring;6(2):92-5.\">8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">How Does The Body Get Zinc?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"cp_check black\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Zinc is absorbed throughout the small intestine, including the ileum. A carrier absorption mechanism that binds zinc to amino acids operates at low zinc concentrations within the small intestine and a passive mechanism involving movement into and through the enterocytes (cells that form the villi) at high intake.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Exit step out of the cell is by active transport via a\u00a0protein carrier (metallothionein) into the blood.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Protein and vitamin D increase zinc absorption.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Copper, iron, calcium, and folic acid decrease zinc absorption.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Both copper and cadmium compete for the same protein carrier (metallothionein),\u00a0so they reduce zinc absorption.<a href=\"#footnote_9_3311\" id=\"identifier_9_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Com pany, 2000.\">9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">What Are The Symptoms Of Zinc Deficiency?<\/h2>\n<p>Zinc deficiency is marked by these symptoms:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet red\">\n<li>Apathy.<\/li>\n<li>Anemia, macrocytic (meaning overly large cells without sufficient hemoglobin).<\/li>\n<li>Brittle nails.<\/li>\n<li>Depression.<\/li>\n<li>Fatigue\/Low energy.<\/li>\n<li>Frequent infections.<\/li>\n<li>Hair loss.<\/li>\n<li>Impaired taste, especially for bitter so you consume more bitter foods like coffee and tea to satisfy.<\/li>\n<li>Infertility in females (low estrogen) and males (low testosterone and sperm production).<\/li>\n<li>Loss of appetite.<\/li>\n<li>Mental lethargy.<\/li>\n<li>Nervousness.<\/li>\n<li>Nightblindness (seeing poorly in twilight or darkness).<\/li>\n<li>Poor adaption to slow wound healing.<\/li>\n<li>Skeletal abnormalities.<\/li>\n<li>Sore Tongue.<\/li>\n<li>White spots on fingernails.<\/li>\n<li>Worsened skin disorders (rough skin, acne, eczema, psoriasis).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>In children and youths<\/strong>: delayed growth, hypogonadism and delayed sexual maturation occur.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>In pregnancy<\/strong>: zinc-deficiency syndrome includes abnormally short or prolonged gestations, inefficient labor, bleeding and increased risks to fetus such as malformations, growth retardation, prematurity and perinatal death.<a href=\"#footnote_10_3311\" id=\"identifier_10_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Jameson S. Zinc status in pregnancy: the effect of zinc therapy on perinatal mortality, prematurity, and placental ablation. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences. Mar 1993; 15(678):178-92.\nSevere deficiency results in immunologic disorders including thymic atrophy, deficient thymic hormone, lymphopenia, and worsening of diarrhea. ((Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.\">10<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Diarrhea has been isolated in infants with celiac disease and zinc deficiency.<a href=\"#footnote_11_3311\" id=\"identifier_11_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Giorgi PL, Catassi C, Guerrieri A. Zinc and chronic enteropathies. La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica: Medical and Surgical Pediatrics. Sep-Oct 1984; 6(5):625-36.\">11<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">What Does Zinc Do In The Body?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Role in cell regulation;<\/li>\n<li>Required in immune function to fight off invading bacteria and viruses;<\/li>\n<li>Role in maintaining proper acid\/base balance;<\/li>\n<li>Role in production of DNA and RNA (genetic material in all cells);<\/li>\n<li>Role in production of proteins;<\/li>\n<li>Required for lipid metabolism;<\/li>\n<li>Required for production of eicosanoids (signaling chemical);<\/li>\n<li>Essential for male and female fertility;<\/li>\n<li>Required in vitamin A metabolism (getting out of liver storage and transporting);<\/li>\n<li>Supports normal development during gestation, childhood and adolescence;<\/li>\n<li>Required for normal pregnancy and labor;<\/li>\n<li>Component of insulin (energy metabolism);<\/li>\n<li>Component of thymic hormones (immune function); and<\/li>\n<li>Component of gustin for sense of smell and taste (taste acuity).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">How Does Deficiency Develop In Celiac Disease and\/or Gluten Sensitivity?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"cp_check red\">\n<li>Zinc deficiency in celiac disease results from malabsorption due to gluten enteropathy, and<\/li>\n<li>Insufficient proteins to carry zinc across the absorbing cells into the blood due to malabsorption and also for transport of zinc in the bloodstream.<\/li>\n<li>Albumin is the main transport protein for zinc in blood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Does Zinc Deficiency Respond To Gluten-Free Diet?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Yes. Celiac disease-related zinc deficiency responds to zinc-containing gluten free diet. Supplementation in some patients on gluten free diet\u00a0may be required.<a href=\"#footnote_12_3311\" id=\"identifier_12_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Solomons NW, Rosenberg IH, Sandstead HH. Zinc nutrition in celiac disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Apr 1976; 29(4):371-5\">12<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Serum zinc concentration is decreased in untreated celiac children with enteropathy and normalizes on gluten-free diet.<a href=\"#footnote_4_3311\" id=\"identifier_13_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"H&ouml;gberg L1, Danielsson L, Jarleman S, Sundqvist T, Stenhammar L. Serum zinc in small children with coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):343-5. doi: 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01085.x.\">4<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A study investigating life-long gluten-free diet in celiac disease patients shows that inadequate intake of zinc is common (more than 10% of patients) and may relate to habitual poor food choices in addition to inherent deficiencies in the gluten free diet. \u201cDietary education should also address the achievement of adequate micronutrient intake.&#8221;<a href=\"#footnote_13_3311\" id=\"identifier_14_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Shepherd SJ1, Gibson PR. Nutritional inadequacies of the gluten-free diet in both recently-diagnosed and long-term patients with coeliac disease. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013 Aug;26(4):349-58. doi: 10.1111\/jhn.12018.\">13<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>6 Steps To Correct Zinc Deficiency:<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Meet, or Exceed the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for Zinc in milligrams (mg) per day<\/span><\/strong><\/em>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box success\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">2 mg for infants birth-6 months;\u00a03 mg for infants 7-12 months;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">3 mg for children 1-3 years;\u00a05 mg for children 4-8 years;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">8 mg for children 9-12 years;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">11 mg for teen boys 13-18 years and adult men;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">9 mg for teen girls 13-18 years;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">8 mg for adult women;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">13 mg for pregnancy; 14 mg for breastfeeding women.<a href=\"#footnote_14_3311\" id=\"identifier_15_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board.&nbsp;Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.\">14<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Diet &#8211; Include Food Sources Richest in Zinc:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Plant sources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Highest plant sources are tree nuts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Good plant choices include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet green\">\n<li>Soybeans.<\/li>\n<li>Pumpkin seeds.<\/li>\n<li>Dry peas.<\/li>\n<li>Dry beans.<\/li>\n<li>Brown rice.<\/li>\n<li>Sunflower seeds.<a href=\"#footnote_15_3311\" id=\"identifier_16_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.\">15<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Animal sources<\/strong>: Compounds found in meats enhance absorption of zinc from plant sources.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet green\">\n<li>Highest animal source of zinc is oyster.<\/li>\n<li>Canned salmon.<\/li>\n<li>Beef.<\/li>\n<li>Liver.<\/li>\n<li>Dark turkey.<\/li>\n<li>Shellfish.<\/li>\n<li>Poultry.<\/li>\n<li>Fish.<a href=\"#footnote_15_3311\" id=\"identifier_17_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.\">15<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><strong><span class=\"dropcap\">3<\/span>\u00a0<em>Diet &#8211; Avoid, Limit, or Eat at Different Times These Foods\u00a0That Deplete or Interfere With Absorption:<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet red\">\n<li>High fiber consumption.<\/li>\n<li>Whole grains and seeds because phytate contained in the bran decreases absorption by binding zinc.<\/li>\n<li>Citrus foods (contain vitamin C).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Milk products decrease ionization of zinc (getting a positive electrical charge) in the stomach. Calcium in milk competes with zinc for absorption in the small intestine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/span><strong>Monitor Medications That Deplete or Interfere With Absorption:<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\"><div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Here are common medications that deplete zinc. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about this possible adverse effect if you are taking any of the drugs listed below.<strong> Do not stop prescribed medications without supervision.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">This is not a complete listing.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet blue\">\n<li>Cipro\u00ae and Tetracycline\u00ae\u00a0antibiotic interact with zinc so neither is absorbed.<\/li>\n<li>Corticosteroids (Prednisone, Medrol\u00ae, Aristocort\u00ae, Decadron\u00ae).<\/li>\n<li>Ulcer Medications (Pepcid\u00ae, Tagamet\u00ae, Zantac\u00ae).<\/li>\n<li>Magnesium and Aluminum Antacid preparations (Gaviscon\u00ae, Maalox\u00ae, Mylanta\u00ae).<\/li>\n<li>Anticonvulsants (Phenobarbital and Barbituates; and\u00a0Dilantin\u00ae, Tegretol\u00ae, Mysoline\u00ae, Depakane\/Depacon\u00ae).<\/li>\n<li>Thiazide Diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide, Enduron\u00ae, Diuril\u00ae, Lozol\u00ae, Zaroxolyn\u00ae, Hygroton\u00ae\u00a0and others.)<\/li>\n<li>Loop Diuretics\u00a0(Lasix\u00ae, Bume\u00aex, Edecrin\u00ae).<\/li>\n<li>Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Midamor\u00ae, Aldactone\u00ae, Dyrenium\u00ae and others).<\/li>\n<li>Anti-viral (Zidovudine (Retrovir\u00ae, AZT and other related drugs).<\/li>\n<li>Oral Estrogen\/Hormone Replacement (Evista\u00ae, Prempro\u00ae, Premarin\u00ae, Estratab\u00ae\u00a0and others).<\/li>\n<li>Antihypertensives (Catapres\u00ae, Aldomet). ACE Inhibitors (Capoten, Vasotec\u00ae, Monopril\u00ae and others).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Female oral contraceptives (Norinyl\u00ae, Ortho-Novum\u00ae, Triphasil\u00ae, and others). Correlation analysis shows significant association between some trace elements and the duration of contraception and body mass index of the study participants.<a href=\"#footnote_16_3311\" id=\"identifier_18_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Akinloye O1, Adebayo TO, Oguntibeju OO, Oparinde DP, Ogunyemi EO. Effects of contraceptives on serum trace elements, calcium and phosphorus levels. West Indian Med J. 2011 Jun;60(3):308-15.\">16<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/span><strong>Manage\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Nutritional Supplements to Obtain Zinc<\/span><\/strong><\/em><em><em><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet orange\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A blood level concentration should be obtained to determine status before supplementing.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Zinc is available in tablet and lozenge form alone or combined with other ingredients in dietary supplements, and is present in almost all multivitamin\/mineral dietary supplements.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Significant differences in tolerability between inorganic zinc salts and organic zinc chelates exist with organic chelates recommended for supplementation.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Protein increases zinc absorption from the gut.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In general, daily doses up to 50 mg of elemental zinc appear safe.\u00a0((Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause\u2019s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.))<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Caution<\/strong><em>:\u00a0Signs of too much zinc (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach cramps, diarrhea, fever, muscle pain, and headaches) may occur after intake of 1,000-2,000 mg of zinc. Chronic intakes of 150 mg of zinc for several months may impair certain immune responses, decrease high-density lipoprotein levels (good cholesterol) or impair copper status (possibly leading to anemia).<\/em>\u00a0\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/span><strong>Other Supplements That Deplete or Interfere With Absorption:<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet red\">\n<li>Calcium supplements used for osteoporosis compete with zinc\u00a0for absorption.<\/li>\n<li>Copper, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid\u00a0compete with zinc\u00a0for absorption.<\/li>\n<li>Phosphorus interferes with the balance of zinc in the body.<\/li>\n<li>High dose zinc impairs absorption of iron in the form of ferrous sulfate supplement but not ferrous fumarate.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What Do Medical Research Studies Tell About Zinc Deficiency\u00a0in Celiac Disease?<\/h2>\n<h4><strong>RESEARCH STUDY SUMMARIES<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>&#8220;Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients.\u201d<\/b>\u00a0This study aiming to assess the nutritional and vitamin\/mineral status of current &#8220;early diagnosed&#8221; untreated adult celiac disease (CD)-patients in the Netherlands found that\u00a0vitamin\/mineral deficiencies are still common in these patients. Specifically, zinc deficiency was found in 67% of the CD-patients.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Eighty newly diagnosed adult CD-patients were included and a comparable sample of 24 healthy Dutch subjects was added to compare vitamin concentrations. Nutritional status and serum concentrations of folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and (25-hydroxy) vitamin D, zinc, haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin were determined before prescribing gluten free diet. Almost all CD-patients (87%) had at least one value below the lower limit of reference.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vitamin\/mineral deficiencies were counter-intuitively not associated with a (higher) grade of histological intestinal damage or (impaired) nutritional status. Extensive nutritional assessments seem warranted to guide nutritional advices and follow-up in CD treatment.<a href=\"#footnote_6_3311\" id=\"identifier_19_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Wierdsma NJ, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Berkenpas M, Mulder CJ, van Bodegraven AA. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients.&nbsp;Nutrients. 2013 Sep 30;5(10):3975-92. doi: 10.3390\/nu5103975.\">6<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>&#8220;Nutritional inadequacies of the gluten-free diet in both recently-diagnosed and long-term patients with celiac disease.&#8221;<\/strong> This study investigating life-long gluten-free diet (GFD) in celiac disease patients aimed to determine the nutritional adequacy of the &#8216;no detectable gluten&#8217; diet. Results show that inadequate intake of zinc is common (more than 10%) and may relate to habitual poor food choices in addition to inherent deficiencies in the GFD. \u201cDietary education should also address the achievement of adequate micronutrient intake.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A seven-day prospective food intake was assessed in 55 patients who were adherent to a GFD for more than 2 years and in 50 newly-diagnosed age- and sex-matched patients (18-71 years, 24% male) studied prospectively over 12 months on GFD. Historical pre-celiac intake was also assessed in the latter group. Intake was compared with Australian Nutritional Recommendations and the Australian population data.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">RESULTS: Nutritional intake was similar between groups. Of macronutrients, only starch intake fell over 12 months (26% to 23%). Fibre intake was inadequate for all except in diet-experienced men. More than one in 10 of both newly-diagnosed and experienced women had inadequate thiamin, folate, vitamin A, magnesium, calcium and iron intakes. More than one in 10 newly-diagnosed men had inadequate thiamin, folate, magnesium, calcium and zinc intakes. Inadequate intake did not relate to nutrient density of the GFD. Inadequacies of folate, calcium, iron and zinc occurred more frequently than in the Australian population. The frequency of inadequacies was similar pre- and post-diagnosis, except for thiamin and vitamin A, where inadequacies were more common after GFD implementation. \u00a0Because dietary intake patterns at 12 months on a GFD are similar to longer-term intake, researchers stress that fortification of GF foods also need to be considered.&#8221;<a href=\"#footnote_13_3311\" id=\"identifier_20_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Shepherd SJ1, Gibson PR. Nutritional inadequacies of the gluten-free diet in both recently-diagnosed and long-term patients with coeliac disease. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013 Aug;26(4):349-58. doi: 10.1111\/jhn.12018.\">13<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u201cThe concentration of serum zinc in celiac patients compared to healthy subjects in Tehran.\u201d<\/strong> This study investigating serum levels of zinc in patient with celiac disease compared to healthy subjects demonstrated that serum zinc concentration is decreased in celiac patients compare to healthy controls.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Sera of 30 celiac cases and 30 healthy normal cohorts as control group were obtained. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for estimating serum zinc level. Zinc concentrations in patients diagnosed with celiac disease were significantly lower than healthy subjects (75.97\u00b112 compared with 92.83\u00b118, P-value &lt; 0.0001).<a href=\"#footnote_8_3311\" id=\"identifier_21_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Fathi F, Ektefa F, Tafazzoli M, Rostami K, Rostami Nejad M, Fathi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Oskouie AA, Zali MR. The concentration of serum zinc in celiac patients compared to healthy subjects in Tehran. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2013 Spring;6(2):92-5.\">8<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u201cCeliac Disease: Presentation of 109 Children.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0This retrospective study investigating clinical and laboratory features of 109 patients with celiac disease to determine presentation and manifestations found zinc deficiency in 64.1%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Of 109 patients with celiac disease, 66 (60.6%) were classical type, 41 (37.6%) were atypical type and 2 (1.8%) were silent type. The mean age was 8.81 \u00b1 4.63 years and the most common symptom was diarrhea (53.2%) followed by failure to thrive, short stature, and abdominal pain. Paleness (40.4%), underweight (34.8%), and short stature (31.2%) were the most common findings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Iron deficiency anemia (81.6%), prolonged prothrombin time (35.8%), and elevated transaminase levels (24.7%) were the most common laboratory findings. Eight percent of patients had at least 1 autoantibody, and 28 of 52 patients had low BMD. Abdominal distention, iron deficiency, prolonged prothrombin time, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated transaminase levels were more significantly frequent in the classical type than atypical type.<a href=\"#footnote_7_3311\" id=\"identifier_22_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kulo\u011flu Z, Kirsa&ccedil;lio\u011flu CT, Kansu A, Ensari A, Girgin N. Celiac Disease: Presentation of 109 Children.&nbsp;Yonsei Med J.&nbsp;2009 October 31; 50(5): 617&ndash;623.\">7<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u201cSerum zinc in small children with celiac disease.\u201d<\/strong> This study investigated the relationship between the serum concentration of zinc to the morphology of the small bowel mucosa in 58 children, all under 4 years of age and under investigation for celiac disease. \u00a0It showed that serum zinc concentration is decreased in untreated celiac children with enteropathy and normalizes on gluten-free diet. A low serum zinc value in a child being investigated for possible celiac disease on clinical grounds can thus be used as a complementary marker for enteropathy indicating further investigation with small bowel biopsy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The mean serum concentration of zinc was significantly lower in 11 children with untreated celiac disease (9.7 +\/- 2.0) compared to 16 non-celiac children without enteropathy (15.1 +\/- 2.3 years), 14 celiac children on a gluten-free diet without enteropathy (14.2 +\/- 1.6 years) 12 celiac children on gluten challenge with enteropathy (14.1 +\/- 2.1) and 6 celiac children on gluten challenge without enteropathy (13.8 +\/- 1.9).<a href=\"#footnote_4_3311\" id=\"identifier_23_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"H&ouml;gberg L1, Danielsson L, Jarleman S, Sundqvist T, Stenhammar L. Serum zinc in small children with coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):343-5. doi: 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01085.x.\">4<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u201cZinc nutrition in celiac disease.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0This early study investigating zinc nutritional status in adults with biopsy-proved celiac-disease demonstrated depression of plasma zinc and lowered taste discrimination among the untreated patients. Some patients who were in clinical remission also had impaired zinc nutrition.<a href=\"#footnote_17_3311\" id=\"identifier_24_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Solomons NW, Rosenberg IH, Sandstead HH. Zinc nutrition in celiac disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Apr 1976; 29(4):371-5\">17<\/a><\/p>\n<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_1_3311\" class=\"footnote\">http:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Zinc-HealthProfessional\/<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_1_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_2_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Scholmerich J, Wietholtz H, Buchsel R, Kottgen E, Lohle E, Gerok W. Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in gastrointestinal diseases. <em>Leber, Magen, Darm<\/em>. Nov 1984; 14(6):625-36.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_2_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Sher KS, Jayanthi V, Probert CS, Stewart CR, Mayberry JF. Infertility, obstetric and gynecological problems in celiac disease. <em>Digestive Diseases<\/em>. May-June 1994; 12(3):186-90.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_3_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_4_3311\" class=\"footnote\">H\u00f6gberg L1, Danielsson L, Jarleman S, Sundqvist T, Stenhammar L. Serum zinc in small children with coeliac disease. <em>Acta Paediatr.<\/em> 2009 Feb;98(2):343-5. doi: 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01085.x.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_4_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_13_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_23_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_5_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Scholmerich J, Wietholtz H, Buchsel R, Kottgen E, Lohle E, Gerok W. Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in gastrointestinal diseases. Leber, Magen, Darm. Nov 1984; 14(6):625-36.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_5_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_6_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Wierdsma NJ, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Berkenpas M, Mulder CJ, van Bodegraven AA. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients.<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em>Nutrients<\/em>. 2013 Sep 30;5(10):3975-92. doi: 10.3390\/nu5103975.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_6_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_19_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_7_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Kulo\u011flu Z, Kirsa\u00e7lio\u011flu CT, Kansu A, Ensari A, Girgin N. Celiac Disease: Presentation of 109 Children.\u00a0<em>Yonsei Med J.<\/em>\u00a02009 October 31; 50(5): 617\u2013623.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_7_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_22_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_8_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Fathi F, Ektefa F, Tafazzoli M, Rostami K, Rostami Nejad M, Fathi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Oskouie AA, Zali MR. The concentration of serum zinc in celiac patients compared to healthy subjects in Tehran. <em>Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench<\/em>. 2013 Spring;6(2):92-5.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_8_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_21_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_9_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause\u2019s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Com pany, 2000.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_9_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_10_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Jameson S. Zinc status in pregnancy: the effect of zinc therapy on perinatal mortality, prematurity, and placental ablation. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences. Mar 1993; 15(678):178-92.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Severe deficiency<\/strong> results in immunologic disorders including thymic atrophy, deficient thymic hormone, lymphopenia, and worsening of diarrhea. ((Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause\u2019s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_10_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_11_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Giorgi PL, Catassi C, Guerrieri A. Zinc and chronic enteropathies. <em>La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica: Medical and Surgical Pediatrics<\/em>. Sep-Oct 1984; 6(5):625-36.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_11_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_12_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Solomons NW, Rosenberg IH, Sandstead HH. Zinc nutrition in celiac disease. <em>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition<\/em>. Apr 1976; 29(4):371-5<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_12_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_13_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Shepherd SJ1, Gibson PR. Nutritional inadequacies of the gluten-free diet in both recently-diagnosed and long-term patients with coeliac disease. <em>J Hum Nutr Diet<\/em>. 2013 Aug;26(4):349-58. doi: 10.1111\/jhn.12018.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_14_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_20_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_14_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #896192\" href=\"http:\/\/search.nap.edu\/nap-cgi\/de.cgi?term=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Vitamin+A%2C+Vitamin+K%2C+Arsenic%2C+Boron%2C+Chromium%2C+Copper%2C+Iodine%2C+Iron%2C+Manganese%2C+Molybdenum%2C+Nickel%2C+Silicon%2C+Vanadium%2C+and+Zinc.&amp;x=13&amp;y=10\" target=\"external\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc<\/a><a style=\"color: #896192\" title=\"External Website\" href=\"http:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/About\/exit_disclaimer.aspx\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"externallink\" src=\"http:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/images\/Common\/externallink.png\" alt=\"external link icon\" \/><\/a>. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_15_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_15_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause\u2019s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_16_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_17_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_16_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Akinloye O1, Adebayo TO, Oguntibeju OO, Oparinde DP, Ogunyemi EO. Effects of contraceptives on serum trace elements, calcium and phosphorus levels. West Indian Med J. 2011 Jun;60(3):308-15.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_18_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_17_3311\" class=\"footnote\">Solomons NW, Rosenberg IH, Sandstead HH. Zinc nutrition in celiac disease. <em>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.<\/em> Apr 1976; 29(4):371-5<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_24_3311\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Is Zinc? Zinc is an essential trace mineral that is involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism, being essential for activation of almost 200 enzymes that have vital roles in the body. Q: What happens when enzymes do not get activated? A: When enzymes do not get activated, they cannot perform their necessary functions &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1682,176,1131,24,974,109],"tags":[1884,1785,445,1703,1694,517,1699,1685,863,327,1721,1722,619,1723,319,68,67,8,1885,1391,771,1707,529,1711,1708,537,278],"class_list":["post-3311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-conditions-2","category-malabsorption-disorders","category-minerals-3","category-nutrient-deficiencies","category-nutrient-deficiency-symptoms","category-symptoms","category-zinc","tag-health-conditions-2","tag-acne","tag-apathy","tag-blood-system","tag-body-composition-system","tag-brittle-nails","tag-cardiovascular-system","tag-digestive-system","tag-eczema","tag-fatigue","tag-glandular-system","tag-immune-system","tag-inflammation","tag-integumentary-body-surfaces-system-nervous-system","tag-malabsorption","tag-minerals-2","tag-muscular-2","tag-nutrient-deficiency","tag-nutrient-deficiency-symptoms","tag-nutrients-2","tag-psoriasis","tag-reproductive-system","tag-rough-skin","tag-sensory-system","tag-skeletal-system","tag-sore-tongue","tag-zinc-deficiency"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3311"}],"version-history":[{"count":55,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19088,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3311\/revisions\/19088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}