{"id":3309,"date":"2015-08-21T02:07:41","date_gmt":"2015-08-21T06:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/health.glutenfreeworks.com\/2013\/03\/28\/potassium-deficiency-3\/"},"modified":"2020-07-11T10:38:43","modified_gmt":"2020-07-11T14:38:43","slug":"potassium-deficiency-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/potassium-deficiency-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Potassium Deficiency"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_9000\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/luscious_19-102011.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9000\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9000\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/luscious_19-102011-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Luscious Figs For Potassium.\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/luscious_19-102011-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/luscious_19-102011.jpg 626w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9000\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luscious Figs For Potassium.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>What Is Potassium?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"dropcap\">P<\/span>otassium is a mineral that is crucial for life being essential for every cell, especially nerve and muscle function.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Most potassium is intracellular, meaning it is found within cells while sodium, its opposing mineral (both electrolytes), is found in the fluid surrounding cells.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In muscle contraction, exchange of potassium and sodium takes place so that potassium moves out of muscle cells and sodium moves into them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With muscle relaxation, potassium moves back into the cells and sodium moves out. Functions are described below.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Importantly, a recent study investigating the association between the metabolic syndrome and potassium intake in the general population found a significant inverse association between potassium intake and metabolic syndrome in adults. That is, the lower the potassium intake, the greater the odds of developing metabolic syndrome.\u00a0After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary confounders, subjects in the highest quartile of potassium intake had 39% lower odds for metabolic syndrome compared to those in the lowest quartile. This association was consistent for both sexes. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, potassium intake was inversely related to abdominal obesity and fasting hyperglycemia in multivariate analysis.<a href=\"#footnote_1_3309\" id=\"identifier_1_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Shin D, Joh HK, Kim KH, Park SM. Benefits of potassium intake on metabolic syndrome: The fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Atherosclerosis. 2013 Sep;230(1):80-5. doi: 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.025.\">1<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>What Is Potassium Deficiency In Celiac Disease and\/or Gluten Sensitivity?<\/h2>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_check red\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Relationship between potassium deficiency and celiac disease.\u00a0<\/strong>Potassium deficiency is a classic symptom of celiac disease that results when the level within cells is too low to meet needs of the body for this mineral.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Relationship between potassium deficiency and dehydration.\u00a0<\/strong>Potassium deficiency is characterized by dehydration that may result in vascular collapse, muscular malfunction that may result in paralytic ileus, paralysis, and respiratory hypoventilation or failure, metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhea, and impaired nerve conduction.<a href=\"#footnote_2_3309\" id=\"identifier_2_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.\">2<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Relationship between potassium deficiency and celiac crisis.\u00a0<\/strong>A severe acute diarrhea with metabolic and systemic complications, the so-called celiac crisis, is a possible presenting clinical feature due to potassium depletion of a previously undiagnosed adult celiac disease.<a href=\"#footnote_3_3309\" id=\"identifier_3_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Atikou A, Rabhi M, Hidani H, El Alaoui Faris M, Toloune F. Celiac crisis with quadriplegia due to potassium depletion as presenting feature of celiac disease. Rev Med Interne. 2009 Jun;30(6):516-8. doi: 10.1016\/j.revmed.2008.11.012.\">3<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Relationship between potassium deficiency and defects of potassium absorption.\u00a0<\/strong>The main routes for water and potassium absorption \u00a0in duodenal mucosa of celiac disease patient are deficient and may play a role in the onset of malabsorption symptoms. Research showed that in healthy controls, immunohistochemistry revealed a labelling in the apical membrane of surface epithelial cells of the duodenum. However, the immunolabelling was heavily reduced or absent in untreated celiac patients, while it was normal in patients consuming a gluten-free diet for at least 12 months.<a href=\"#footnote_4_3309\" id=\"identifier_4_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Laforenza U, Miceli E, Gastaldi G, Scaffino MF, Ventura U, Fontana JM, Orsenigo MN, Corazza GR. Solute transporters and aquaporins are impaired in celiac disease. Biol Cell. 2010 May 26;102(8):457-67. doi: 10.1042\/BC20100023.\">4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Prevalent Is Potassium Deficiency In Celiac Disease and\/or Gluten Sensitivity?<\/h2>\n<p>Potassium deficiency affects 100% of \u00a0patients with untreated celiac disease.<a href=\"#footnote_5_3309\" id=\"identifier_5_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Molteni N, Bardella MT, Vezolli G, Pozzoli E, Bianchi P. Intestinal calcium absorption is shown by stable strontium test in celiac disease before and after gluten-free diet. American Journal of Gastroenterology. Nov. 1995; 90(11):2025-8.\">5<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>What Are The Symptoms Of Potassium Deficiency?<\/h2>\n<p>Potassium deficiency is marked by these symptoms:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet red\">\n<li>Low blood pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Dizziness.<\/li>\n<li>Anorexia.<\/li>\n<li>Thirst.<\/li>\n<li>Vomiting.<\/li>\n<li>Tremor.<\/li>\n<li>Muscle spasm.<\/li>\n<li>Weakness of the lower extremities.<\/li>\n<li>Drowsiness.<\/li>\n<li>Anxiety.<\/li>\n<li>Confusion.<\/li>\n<li>Personality changes.<\/li>\n<li>Depression.<\/li>\n<li>Bone pain.<\/li>\n<li>Premature ventricular and atrial contractions.<\/li>\n<li>Contributes to osteoporosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Acute severe deficiency causes rhabdomyolysis (muscle destruction) and paralysis which can include the lungs, and can lead to serious heart rhythm problems that can be fatal.<\/p>\n<p>Late symptoms include tetany, myoclonic jerks, convulsions, and kidney damage (hypokalemic nephropathy).<a href=\"#footnote_2_3309\" id=\"identifier_6_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.\">2<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>What Does Potassium Do In The Body?<\/h2>\n<p>1. \u00a0Maintains electrolyte balance.<br \/>\n2. \u00a0Maintains acid-alkali balance (pH).<br \/>\n3. \u00a0Maintains fluid balance, preventing water retention.<br \/>\n4. \u00a0Essential for nerve transmission and muscle function.<br \/>\n5. \u00a0Essential for enzyme activities.<br \/>\n6. \u00a0Essential for red cell transport of carbon dioxide.<br \/>\n7. \u00a0Essential for protein synthesis and the conversion of glucose into glycogen for energy.<br \/>\n8. \u00a0Essential for moving nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells.<br \/>\n9. \u00a0Essential for bone structure.<br \/>\n10. Essential for cardiovascular function and regulating blood pressure.<br \/>\n11. Essential for stability of cell structure.<\/p>\n<h2>How Does The Body Get Potassium?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"cp_check black\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Potassium is readily absorbed by the small intestine.<a href=\"#footnote_2_3309\" id=\"identifier_7_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause&rsquo;s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.\">2<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0Against ongoing nutritional education, the vast majority of US adults consume too much sodium and too little potassium.<a href=\"#footnote_6_3309\" id=\"identifier_8_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Cogswell ME, Zhang Z, Carriquiry AL, Gunn JP, Kuklina EV, Saydah SH, Yang Q, Moshfegh AJ. Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003-2008. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Sep; 96(3):647-57. doi: 10.3945\/ajcn.112.034413.\">6<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, the fault is compounded in celiac disease because potassium absorption is impaired.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Does Potassium Deficiency Develop?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Potassium deficiency results from these mechanisms:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_check red\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malabsorption due to inflammation of intestinal lining.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malabsorption can occur as a consequence of low stomach acid. Sufficient acid is required to ionize potassium (receives a positive charge) which is required for absorption later in the small intestine.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malabsorption can occur as a consequence of insufficient carrier proteins needed to transport ionized potassium into the bloodstream from the absorbing cells of the small intestine.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Depletion in diarrhea, sweating, vomiting, and excessive urination when present.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Magnesium deficiency contributes to potassium deficiency.<a href=\"#footnote_7_3309\" id=\"identifier_9_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/ency\/article\/000479.htm\">7<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Does Potassium Deficiency Respond To Gluten-Free Diet?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes. Celiac disease-related potassium deficiency resolves on nutritious gluten free diet containing adequate potassium.<\/p>\n<h2>6 Steps To Correct Potassium Deficiency:<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Meet, or Exceed the <em><strong><em><strong>Adequate Intake (AI) for Potassium set by The Institute of Medicine:<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><div class=\"box success\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0-6 months 400 mg\/day;\u00a07-12 months 700 mg\/day<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">1-3 years 3,000 mg\/day<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">4-8 years 3,800 mg\/day<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">9-13 years 4,500 mg\/day;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">14 years and \u00a0older 4,700 mg\/day<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pregnant women 4,700 mg\/day;\u00a0Breastfeeding women 5,100 mg\/day\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Diet &#8211; Include Food Sources Richest in Potassium:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<p>Food Sources of Potassium ranked by milligrams of potassium per standard amount, also showing calories in the standard amount. (The AI for adults is 4,700 mg\/day potassium.)<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 1907px;\" width=\"421\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Food, Standard Amount<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Potassium (mg)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Calories<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sweetpotato, baked, 1 potato (146 g)<\/td>\n<td>694<\/td>\n<td>131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tomato paste, \u00bc cup<\/td>\n<td>664<\/td>\n<td>54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Beet greens, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>655<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potato, baked, flesh, 1 potato (156 g)<\/td>\n<td>610<\/td>\n<td>145<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>White beans, canned, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>595<\/td>\n<td>153<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yogurt, plain, non-fat, 8-oz container<\/td>\n<td>579<\/td>\n<td>127<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tomato puree, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>549<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Clams, canned, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>534<\/td>\n<td>126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yogurt, plain, low-fat, 8-oz container<\/td>\n<td>531<\/td>\n<td>143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prune juice, \u00be cup<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<td>136<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Carrot juice, \u00be cup<\/td>\n<td>517<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Blackstrap molasses, 1 Tbsp<\/td>\n<td>498<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Halibut, cooked, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>490<\/td>\n<td>119<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Soybeans, green, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>485<\/td>\n<td>127<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tuna, yellowfin, cooked, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>484<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lima beans, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>484<\/td>\n<td>104<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Winter squash, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>448<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Soybeans, mature, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>443<\/td>\n<td>149<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rockfish, Pacific, cooked, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>442<\/td>\n<td>103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cod, Pacific, cooked, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>439<\/td>\n<td>89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bananas, 1 medium<\/td>\n<td>422<\/td>\n<td>105<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spinach, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>419<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tomato juice, \u00be cup<\/td>\n<td>417<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tomato sauce, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>405<\/td>\n<td>39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Peaches, dried, uncooked, \u00bc cup<\/td>\n<td>398<\/td>\n<td>96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prunes, stewed, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>398<\/td>\n<td>133<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Milk, non-fat, 1 cup<\/td>\n<td>382<\/td>\n<td>83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pork chop, center loin, cooked, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>382<\/td>\n<td>197<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apricots, dried, uncooked, \u00bc cup<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0 378<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rainbow trout, farmed, cooked, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>144<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pork loin, center rib (roasts), lean, roasted, 3 oz<\/td>\n<td>371<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Buttermilk, cultured, low-fat, 1 cup<\/td>\n<td>370<\/td>\n<td>98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cantaloupe, \u00bc medium<\/td>\n<td>368<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1%-2% milk, 1 cup<\/td>\n<td>366<\/td>\n<td>102-122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Honeydew melon, 1\/8 medium<\/td>\n<td>365<\/td>\n<td>58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lentils, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>365<\/td>\n<td>115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Plantains, cooked, \u00bd cup slices<\/td>\n<td>358<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kidney beans, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>358<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Orange juice, \u00be cup<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Split peas, cooked, \u00bd cup<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>116<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 oz container<\/td>\n<td>352<\/td>\n<td>138<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>Source: Nutrient values from Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 17. Foods are from ARS single nutrient reports, sorted in descending order by nutrient content in terms of common household measures. Mixed dishes and multiple preparations of the same food item have been omitted from this table.\u00a0<\/em>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0Diet &#8211; Avoid \u00a0or Limit These Foods\u00a0<strong>That Deplete or Interfere With Absorption:<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet red\">\n<li>Excessive salt use.<\/li>\n<li>Caffeine from coffee, tea, and drinks such as soda containing it depletes potassium through excess urination.<\/li>\n<li>Alcohol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Monitor Medications That Deplete or Interfere With Absorption:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<p>Here are common medications that deplete potassium. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about this possible adverse effect if you are taking any of the drugs listed below. <strong>Do not stop prescribed medications without supervision.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DIURETICS<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet blue\">\n<li>Thiazide Diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide, Enduron\u00ae, Diuril\u00ae, Lozol\u00ae, Zaroxolyn\u00ae, Hygroton\u00ae\u00a0and others).<\/li>\n<li>Loop Diuretics\u00a0(Lasix\u00ae, Bume\u00aex, Edecrin\u00ae).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ANTIVIRAL AGENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet blue\">\n<li>Foscanet.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ANTACIDS \/ ULCER MEDICATIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet blue\">\n<li>Pepcid\u00ae, Tagamet\u00ae, Zantac\u00ae.<\/li>\n<li>Magnesium and Aluminum Antacid preparations (Gaviscon\u00ae, Maalox\u00ae, Mylanta\u00ae).<\/li>\n<li>Prevacid\u00ae, Prilosec\u00ae.<\/li>\n<li>Alka Seltzer\u00ae, Baking Soda. \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/span><strong>Manage\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Nutritional Supplements to Obtain Potassium<\/span><\/strong><\/em><em><strong>:<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet orange\">\n<li>A blood level concentration \u00a0should be obtained to determine status before supplementing.<\/li>\n<li>Potassium is available in tablet, powder and liquid form and as part of multivitamin\/mineral supplements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Caution:<\/strong> <em>Consult doctor before using potassium supplements in amounts exceeding that in multivitamin\/mineral supplements.\u00a0<\/em>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul class=\"cp_check green\">\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Other Supplements That Deplete or Interfere With Absorption:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box shadow\"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"tieicon-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"cp_bullet yellow\">\n<li>Sodium. Check with your pharmacist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Medical Research Findings On Potassium Deficiency In Celiac Disease and\/or Gluten Sensitivity:<\/h2>\n<h4><strong>RESEARCH STUDY SUMMARIES<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201cBenefits of potassium intake on metabolic syndrome: The fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV).&#8221;<\/strong>\u00a0This study investigating the association between the metabolic syndrome and potassium intake in the general population found a significant inverse association between potassium intake and metabolic syndrome in adults. After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary confounders, subjects in the highest quartile of potassium intake had 39% lower odds for metabolic syndrome compared to those in the lowest quartile. This association was consistent for both sexes. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, potassium intake was inversely related to abdominal obesity and fasting hyperglycemia in multivariate analysis (p for trend = 0.049 and 0.010, respectively).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Participants were 7542 adults older than 20 years of age from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009), which is a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. Data were obtained from standardized questionnaires as well as physical and laboratory examination reports. The 24-h recall method was used for dietary assessment. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds of metabolic syndrome and its components across potassium intake quartiles.<a href=\"#footnote_1_3309\" id=\"identifier_10_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Shin D, Joh HK, Kim KH, Park SM. Benefits of potassium intake on metabolic syndrome: The fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Atherosclerosis. 2013 Sep;230(1):80-5. doi: 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.025.\">1<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201cSolute transporters and aquaporins are impaired in celiac disease.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0This study investigating the possible alteration in the expression and localization of water channels and some solute transporters in duodenal mucosa of celiac disease patients show that the main routes for water and solute absorption such as potassium are deficient in celiac disease and may play a role in the onset of malabsorption symptoms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duodenal biopsies from untreated celiacs, treated celiacs, healthy controls and disease were examined. The expression of transcripts was virtually absent in duodenal biopsies of untreated celiac disease patients. In healthy controls, immunohistochemistry revealed a labelling in the apical membrane of surface epithelial cells of the duodenum. The immunolabelling was heavily reduced or absent in untreated celiac patients, while it was normal in patients consuming a gluten-free diet for at least 12 months.<a href=\"#footnote_4_3309\" id=\"identifier_11_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Laforenza U, Miceli E, Gastaldi G, Scaffino MF, Ventura U, Fontana JM, Orsenigo MN, Corazza GR. Solute transporters and aquaporins are impaired in celiac disease. Biol Cell. 2010 May 26;102(8):457-67. doi: 10.1042\/BC20100023.\">4<\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CASE REPORT SUMMARIES<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201cCeliac crisis with quadriplegia due to potassium depletion as presenting feature of celiac disease.\u201d<\/strong> This case report describes a 26-year-old who woman presented with a suddenly developed weakness of all four limbs and a severe diarrhea. Authors emphasize coeliac crisis, which is a presenting feature of coeliac disease, characterized by acute diarrhea with life-threatening acid base and electrolyte abnormalities. The patient improved with correction of hypokalemia (low blood potassium) and gluten-free diet. A severe acute diarrhea with metabolic and systemic complications, the so-called coeliac crisis, is a possible presenting clinical feature due to potassium depletion of a previously undiagnosed adult celiac disease.<a href=\"#footnote_3_3309\" id=\"identifier_12_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Atikou A, Rabhi M, Hidani H, El Alaoui Faris M, Toloune F. Celiac crisis with quadriplegia due to potassium depletion as presenting feature of celiac disease. Rev Med Interne. 2009 Jun;30(6):516-8. doi: 10.1016\/j.revmed.2008.11.012.\">3<\/a><\/p>\n<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_1_3309\" class=\"footnote\">Shin D, Joh HK, Kim KH, Park SM. Benefits of potassium intake on metabolic syndrome: The fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). <em>Atherosclerosis<\/em>. 2013 Sep;230(1):80-5. doi: 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.025.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_1_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_10_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_2_3309\" class=\"footnote\">Kathleen Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump, ed. Krause\u2019s Food, Nutrition &amp; Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. USA: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_2_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_6_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_7_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_3309\" class=\"footnote\">Atikou A, Rabhi M, Hidani H, El Alaoui Faris M, Toloune F. Celiac crisis with quadriplegia due to potassium depletion as presenting feature of celiac disease. <em>Rev Med Interne<\/em>. 2009 Jun;30(6):516-8. doi: 10.1016\/j.revmed.2008.11.012.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_3_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_12_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_4_3309\" class=\"footnote\">Laforenza U, Miceli E, Gastaldi G, Scaffino MF, Ventura U, Fontana JM, Orsenigo MN, Corazza GR. Solute transporters and aquaporins are impaired in celiac disease. <em>Biol Cell<\/em>. 2010 May 26;102(8):457-67. doi: 10.1042\/BC20100023.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_4_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_11_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_5_3309\" class=\"footnote\">Molteni N, Bardella MT, Vezolli G, Pozzoli E, Bianchi P. Intestinal calcium absorption is shown by stable strontium test in celiac disease before and after gluten-free diet. <em>American Journal of Gastroenterology<\/em>. Nov. 1995; 90(11):2025-8.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_5_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_6_3309\" class=\"footnote\">Cogswell ME, Zhang Z, Carriquiry AL, Gunn JP, Kuklina EV, Saydah SH, Yang Q, Moshfegh AJ. Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003-2008. <em>Am J Clin Nutr.<\/em> 2012 Sep; 96(3):647-57. doi: 10.3945\/ajcn.112.034413.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_8_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_7_3309\" class=\"footnote\">http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/ency\/article\/000479.htm<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_9_3309\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Is Potassium? Potassium is a mineral that is crucial for life being essential for every cell, especially nerve and muscle function. Most potassium is intracellular, meaning it is found within cells while sodium, its opposing mineral (both electrolytes), is found in the fluid surrounding cells. In muscle contraction, exchange of potassium and sodium takes &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1682,176,1131,24,974],"tags":[1884,9,386,1703,214,328,470,468,469,1846,467,784,1509,319,1486,68,465,1885,1391,342,1193,1843,1191,1844,478,1845],"class_list":["post-3309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-conditions-2","category-malabsorption-disorders","category-minerals-3","category-nutrient-deficiencies","category-nutrient-deficiency-symptoms","category-symptoms","tag-health-conditions-2","tag-anorexia","tag-anxiety","tag-blood-system","tag-bone-pain","tag-confusion","tag-depression","tag-dizziness","tag-drowsiness","tag-irregular-heartbeat-premature-ventricular-and-atrial-contractions","tag-low-blood-pressure","tag-low-plasma-proteins","tag-low-stomach-acid","tag-malabsorption","tag-metabolic-syndrome","tag-minerals-2","tag-muscle-spasm","tag-nutrient-deficiency-symptoms","tag-nutrients-2","tag-osteoporosis","tag-personality-changes","tag-small-intestinal-inflammation","tag-thirst","tag-ttremor","tag-vomiting","tag-weakness-of-lower-extremities"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3309"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19168,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309\/revisions\/19168"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreeworks.com\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}